Learn The American Colonies
Learn about America before the Revolution!
222 free flashcards · by Ben · History & Geography / History
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What you'll learn in The American Colonies
- Era when European powers expanded trade routes by sea, connecting Africa, the Americas, and Asia. — Age of Exploration
- Agreement dividing new overseas territories between Spain and Portugal. — Treaty of Tordesillas
- Spanish labor regime granting colonists control over Indigenous labor and tribute. — Encomienda System
- Centuries-long campaign by Christian kingdoms to retake Iberia from Muslim rule. — Reconquista
- First permanent European colony in the New World, founded by Spain. — Hispaniola
- Portuguese navigator who reached India by sea around Africa. — Vasco da Gama
- Conquistador who led the overthrow of the Aztec Empire. — Hernán Cortés
- Spanish conqueror who toppled the Inca Empire. — Francisco Pizarro
- Pamunkey noble educated in Spain who later led resistance against missionaries and settlers. — Don Luis Velasco (Opechancanough)
- Transfer of crops, animals, people, and diseases between hemispheres. — Columbian Exchange
- Alliance of Algonquian tribes in coastal Virginia under a paramount chief. — Powhatan Confederacy
- First permanent English settlement in North America. — Jamestown
- Joint-stock corporation chartered to colonize Virginia. — London Company (Virginia Company)
- Adventurer and soldier who enforced discipline at Jamestown. — John Smith
- Powhatan woman who acted as intermediary between colonists and her people. — Pocahontas
- Winter of famine when most Virginia settlers died. — Starving Time
- Introduction of cash-crop agriculture that secured Virginia’s economy. — Tobacco Cultivation
- First representative assembly in English America. — House of Burgesses
- Labor system exchanging passage for years of work. — Indentured Servitude
- Coordinated assault on English settlements in Virginia. — Opechancanough’s Uprising
- English crown’s direct control over the former company settlement. — Royal Colony of Virginia
- English separatists who sought to establish a community of their own faith. — Pilgrims
- Covenant for orderly self-rule signed before landing. — Mayflower Compact
- Patuxet native who taught settlers survival techniques. — Squanto (Tisquantum)
- Leader who allied with Plymouth settlers for mutual defense. — Massasoit
- Dutch colony centered on the Hudson River valley. — New Netherland
- Founder of Quebec and father of New France. — Samuel de Champlain
- Alliance of five (later six) northeastern nations forming a strong political union. — Iroquois Confederacy
- Conflicts among tribes competing for fur trade profits with Europeans. — Beaver Wars
- Explorer whose voyages for the Dutch and English charted northeastern waterways. — Henry Hudson
- Reform movement seeking to purify the Church of England. — Puritans
- Governor who led the founding of Massachusetts Bay Colony. — John Winthrop
- Mass movement of English Puritans to New England. — Great Migration
- Colonial assembly governing Massachusetts Bay. — General Court (Massachusetts)
- Minister who founded Providence on principles of religious liberty. — Roger Williams
- Religious dissenter who held theological meetings in Boston. — Anne Hutchinson
- Conflict between New England settlers and a dominant tribe over trade. — Pequot War
- Missionary who created “praying towns” for Christianized natives. — John Eliot
- British Caribbean island whose sugar economy shaped mainland slavery. — Barbados
- Large estates using enslaved labor to grow cane for export. — Sugar Plantations
- Trans-oceanic traffic of enslaved Africans to the Americas. — Atlantic Slave Trade
- Economic doctrine linking national strength to colonial trade control. — Mercantilism
- English laws restricting colonial commerce to English ships. — Navigation Acts
- Seaborne raiders attacking Spanish shipping in the Caribbean. — Buccaneers
- Welsh privateer who raided Spanish cities in the Caribbean. — Henry Morgan
- Privateer turned pirate executed for his crimes. — Captain William Kidd
- Notorious pirate haven destroyed by earthquake. — Port Royal (Jamaica)
- English monopoly chartered for slave trading. — Royal African Company
- Settlement originally established by planters from the Caribbean seeking land for agriculture. — South Carolina Colony
- Blueprint for Carolina’s government granting large landholders control. — John Locke’s Fundamental Constitutions
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